Nuclear Energy.

* In the 1930s nuclear energy became a serious possibility.

* 1932 - discovery of the neutron.

* No change, ergo, can probe nucleus.

* Hahn and Strassmann fired neutrons at U nucleus.

* Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch interpreted this:

Neutrons caused splitting of U into smaller nuclei

* Fission had occurred.

* steadfast source of energy!

* Energy from

E=mc2

* In more masterful form, Einstein showed that at relativistic speeds we cannot use k=(0.5)mv2 .

* flirt with from special relativity, that as speed increases, passel increases!

* ie. bailiwick is through on a body: K increases.

* Or Work is done on a body: mass increases.

* consequently ENERGY transforms into Mass.

* Einstein:

Instead of k=(0.5)mv2

We must use

K=(m-m0)c2

Or K = mc2-m0c2

As K = E-m0c2

E=m0c2+K

Where E = total energy.

* What does E=mc2 mean?

* It means that mass is a form of energy.

* In principle, we could transform mass into different forms of energy.

* Eg. Convert 1 kg of mass into heat

E=(1)(3.0x 108)2 = 9.0x1016 J.

* Consider a fission reaction:

10n + 23592U = 14038Xc + 9438Sr + 210n

* The mass of products is less than the mass of the reactants!

ie. 23592U 235.0439 u 14038Xc 139.9054 u

n 1.008 u 9438Sr 93.9063 u

210n 2.



016 u

236.0519 u 235.8277 u

Difference = 0.2242u ( or about 0.0095%)

The difference is small, plainly the c2 term means the energy will be large.

This introduces an conception called BINDING ENERGY, which we will consider.

Key Idea:

When individual; nucleons are brought in concert to from nuclei; the mass of the nucleus is less than that of the sun of the sum of the dregs of the people of the individual nucleons when they are widely separated. Energy is therefore decreased.

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