A Review of Relevant Literature About Teen Pregnancy

The good news, according to the Guttmacher establish (2006), is that the jejune birth rate in 2002 was 30 per centumage lower than the peak rate of 61.8 births per 1,000 women which was reached in 1991. Between 1988 and 2000, teenagerage pregnancy rates declined in every state and in the District of Columbia. The Guttmacher take (2006) in like manner reported that among black women immemorial 15 to 19, the pregnancy rate fell by 40 percent between 1990 and 2002, while declining by 34 percent among white teenagers in the same time period. Among Hispanic teenagers, who may be of any race, the pregnancy rate increased fairly from 1991 to 1992 but by 2002 was 19 percent lower than the 1990 rate.

Generally, states with the largest numbers pool of teenagers tend to have the greatest number of teenage pregnancies. The Guttmacher Institute (2006) identified the following states as having the highest number of adolescent pregnancies: California, Texas, radical York, Florida, and Illinois. The smallest numbers of teenage pregnancies occurred in Vermont, North Dakota, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Alaska each of which reported fewer than 2,000 pregnancies among those between the ages of 15 and 19.

These data atomic number 18 promising and do tend to suggest that there is terra firma to believe that teen pregnancies argon declining. Nevertheless, health c atomic number 18 professionals, educators, and friendly workers make note of the fact that 700,000 to 800,000 births to adolescents each year is a highly

Developmental outcomes for children of young mothers.

union Psychology, 41 (3/4), 379 -392.

Crowder, K. & Teachman, J. (2004). Do residential conditions

. depression, stress, and regular(a) suicide attempts are often

Conversely, Fremstad and Primus (2002), from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, are more convinced that TANF must eliminate the so-called spousal penalties which reduce TANF benefits for two-parent families while also moving to create a strong child support enforcement system, sponsoring initiatives that further decrease teen pregnancies and implementing programs to help low-income fathers meet financial and parenting responsibilities.

Comprehensive sexuality programs as described by McCave (2007) do not fail to chief out the multiple benefits of delaying sexual activity, but they are also cognizant of the fact that American teenagers are becoming sexually active and that there is often enormous pressure lay on young people to become sexually active. Images of sexually acting out celebrities permeate the mass media, sending the inwardness to young people that teenage sex is normal, acceptable, and perhaps even appropriate. Comprehensive sexuality education programs recognize these pressures and incorporate into their educational efforts propoundation about STDs, pregnancy and its risks, the availability of various types of contraceptives, the greatness of contraceptives such as condoms to prevent the transmission of disease, and the alternatives to pregnancy and childbearing. McCave (2007) asserts that these programs rescue teenagers with information regarding the potential of bearing a child and because placing it up for adoption or the alternative of abortion. Such programs do not advocate early sexual activity or promote abortion. They are value neutral, but they do inform young people as to what alternatives are available to them.

ledger of Marriage & Family, 68(2), 332-344.

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