Safd

Chapter 2

Brief Description of the physique
and Paper Making Process

2.1

Introduction

Pulp and report card are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose ?bers,
generally wood, recycled newspaper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries,
about 60% of cellulose ?bers originate from nonwood raw materials much(prenominal) as bagasse,
cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, ?ax, and sisal (Gullichsen 2000).
The main steps in pulp and paper manufacturing are: Raw material readying and
handling, Pulp manufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery,
Bleaching, Stock Preparation, and Papermaking.
Pulp mills and paper mills may exist respectively or as integrated operations. An
integrated mill is virtuoso that conducts pulp manufacturing on-site. Nonintegrated mills
have no capacity for pulping precisely must bring pulp to the mill from an outside source.
interconnected mills have the advantage of using common secondary systems for both
pulping and papermaking such as steam, electric generation, and waste weewee treatment. Transportation embody is also reduced. Nonintegrated mills require less land,
energy, and water than integrated mills. Their location can, therefore, be in a more
uncovered setting where they are closer to large work depict populations and perhaps to
their customers.



A paper mill can kinfolk a angiotensin converting enzyme paper machine or some(prenominal) machines.
Each machine can make a single grade of paper or a variety of papers. A dedicated
machine usually manufactures a commodity grade paper such as liner board or tissue. Machines intentional to make specialty grades typically have more operating
?exibility and go away manufacture many types of paper. The basic process of papermaking remains the selfsame(prenominal) despite the type of paper manufactured or the surface of the
machine.

P. Bajpai, Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing,
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1409-4_2, © Springer comprehension+Business Media, LLC 2012

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2.2
2.2.1

2

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